![]() Medical workers have confirmed that multiple rounds of phage administration have a significant curative effect on refractory urinary tract infections triggered by MDR K. Not only that, phage therapy has also been applied in clinical practice. Studies based on mice as animal models have shown that phages have good therapeutic effects on pneumonia ( Anand et al., 2020), liver abscess ( Lin et al., 2014), burn infection ( Chadha et al., 2017), and bacteremia ( Kaabi and Musafer, 2019) caused by K. pneumoniae and have made some achievements. Until now, phage therapy have already been developed in various bacterial species including MDR K. Recently, due to the global emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, phage therapy has been experiencing a renaissance for its ability to combat their antibiotic-resistant host specifically. However, the development of this therapy has been hampered by the widespread use of antibiotics ( Nobrega et al., 2015). Owing to their specific bactericidal abilities, phages have been considered as therapeutic agents since the early 1920s. This massive phage diversity has a marked effect on the environment, ecology, and bacterial evolution ( Davies et al., 2016). It has been reported that there are more than 10 31 phage particles in the biosphere. In addition, the recent emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has further exacerbated the dilemma of antibiotic treatment, provoking the need for alternative therapies ( Gu et al., 2018).īacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that specifically recognize, infect, and replicate inside a host bacterium. pneumoniae, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenemase -producing strains ( Navon-Venezia et al., 2017). What’s more, the existing antibiotics have failed to cure clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. ![]() The presence of at least 79 serotypes greatly increases the complexity of treatment for these bacterial infections ( Hsu et al., 2013 Pan et al., 2015). pneumoniae) causes fatal systemic infections ( Paczosa and Mecsas, 2016). Therefore, this study not only introduces a new member to the phage therapeutic library, but also serves as a reference for other phage-antibiotic combinations to combat MDR pathogens.Īs the second-ranked nosocomial infection-causing-pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. Furthermore, the combined treatment of P-KP2 and gentamicin completely rescued the infected mice. Besides, P-KP2 was comparable to gentamicin in the treatment of lethal pneumonia caused by K. The genome of P-KP2 shows homology with nine phages which belong to “ KP15 virus” family and its genome comprises 172,138 bp and 264 ORFs. P-KP2 presents high lysis efficiency in vitro. The biological characteristics of P-KP2 and the bioinformatics of its genome were analyzed, and then the therapeutic effect of P-KP2 was tested by animal experiments. pneumoniae was isolated and named as vB_KpnM_P-KP2 (abbreviated as P-KP2). In this study, a novel bacteriophage that specifically infects K. pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has brought more severe challenge to the treatment of K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae) is an important nosocomial and community acquired opportunistic pathogen which causes various infections. 5Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.4Department of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.2College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.1Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.Zijing Wang 1†, Ruopeng Cai 2†, Gang Wang 1†, Zhimin Guo 3†, Xiao Liu 1, Yuan Guan 1, Yalu Ji 1, Hao Zhang 1, Hengyu Xi 1, Rihong Zhao 1, Lanting Bi 1, Shanshan Liu 4, Li Yang 1, Xin Feng 1, Changjiang Sun 1, Liancheng Lei 1, Wenyu Han 1,5 and Jingmin Gu 1,5*
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